Here we will show or
talk about things relating to lipos. I hope it is informative, or at
least interesting.
I urge all of you to not try this stuff at
home or anywhere else for that matter! Everything on this page is
for educational purposes only and go beyond the standard safety
practices we should all use when handling and using Lipo's.
Lets Start with what a lipo cell is
made of.
How are they put together: The Li polymer battery
is made of a positive plate, a negative plate, and a separator. The
positive plate is made of a positive collector, usually but not
always a foil type metallic material. The collector is coated with a
positive active material layer on at least one surface of the
positive collector. The negative plate including a negative
collector in a foil form, and a negative active material layer on at
least on surface of the negative collector. The separator between
the positive and negative plates, for insulating the positive and
negative plates is usually a thin plastic.
Lets cut open a cell and check it out. (note: I am
doing this so you don't have to, don't try this on your own).
First I soaked the cell in a salt water mixture.
about 1/4 salt to 5-6 cups of water. As you can see the salt has
totally eroded away the positive terminal. Once the terminal
(usually nickel or aluminum) is eroded away this allows a path
directly to the inside of the cell. In this case I knew I was going
to cut the cell open so I gave it a good 3 day soak.
Once the cell was discharged I cut down the sides of
the cell, and then cut the covering across the center of the cell to
expose the innards. The case of the cell is basically a thick
aluminum foil with a clear plastic lining. This photo shows the
negative tab and it's path to the innards of the cell. It also shows
the path the positive tab once took before being eroded by the salt
water.
A cell is made if positive and negative plates
stacked much like we parallel stack packs to increase capacity. In
this photo you can see the many layers of plates stacked. One on top
of the other to create a cell.
This photo shows some of the layers fanned out. If
you look in the upper left of the photo you can see how the tab of
each plate is opposite one another, creating a group of positive
tabs and a group of negative tabs. When tied together they
conduct the collective energy of all the layer/plates combined. .
Here is another look at the plates. Notice the
lithium Poly material peeling off of the collector plate. This is
due to the salt water intrusion into the cell during the soak.
Here I have peeled off some of the poly (collector
material) from the positive plate. This manufacturer used copper for
the positive plate and with the salt water intrusion the collector
was easily removed with the scrape of a finger nail
Here we see the negative plate. The poly mixture was
not as easily removed. The plate appears to be made of aluminum or a
aluminum nickel blend. The conductor was stuck well and took a screw
driver and a bit of pressure to flake it off.
This final photo shows all the plates removed and in
a pile. With the plastic separator laying across the top of the
photo. This was a 1500mah cell (of poor discharge I may add) the
separator was a total of 6 1/2 feet long.
Some observations I made while tearing this cell
apart. Once the covering was peeled off and I started peeling plates
away the plates and the cell still being disassembled got warm to
the touch. I was doing this in direct sun light in about 85F
temperature. So I am not sure if it was residual voltage shorting
(measured .0123 volts) or simply the black collector conducting
heat. Either way I found it kind of interesting. Also I am sure many
of you have read or been told about the sweet odor of a cell when it
is punctured or leaking. This smell is very apparent even after the
salt water soak. Although with this cell it was not as apparent as
in most. Maybe this has something to do with what they used during
manufacturing. Maybe even the cause of the low discharge
performance.
Observations as they relate to some peoples
practices. I have been asked on a few occasions, and told on a few
other occasions that to discharge a cell with a salt water bath the
cell should be punctured before soaking in salt water. Some even say
it must be done or the salt water will not penetrate the cell.
I suggest that with all the layers being so thin that if we puncture
the cell and the positive plate touches the negative plate
internally of the cell is this not the same as shorting the positive
tab to the negative tab? I do not puncture a cell prior to soaking
in salt water but I have punctured cells before to see what happens.
I have never had one catch fire or get hot. But knowing how they are
made I would suggest no one ever puncture a cell. The plates are
less then paper thin and are separated by only a thin layer of
plastic equivalent to the mill of a cheap garbage bag. Shorting
plates together is similar to shorting the positive and negative
tabs.
Still to come: We are starting several graphs to
show the effect on a cell when it is ran below LVC, Over Charged,
Used at to high of a rate, and I am sure we will think of others.
If their is something you would like addressed
feel free to drop a line.
Lithium Polymer batteries were designed for
mobile devices and not for R/C use. Although some manufactures
now see the R/C market as a good viable market. In general
Lithium polymer technology was not originally intended for
high rate use as in R/C applications. Therefore, the technology
of Lithium Polymer batteries in radio-controlled models is to be
considered experimental (not just ours all of them). Our cells
come from a factory whom makes cells specifically for R/C use.
But please follow all guidelines and precautions that are set
for lithium polymer batteries. The R/C hobby is fun, it can
be a daily escape, relaxing, and offer extreme thrills. The last
thing we want is someone to be injured, or suffer property
damage from their hobby.
We suggest you follow AMA safety precautions
with any Lipo battery. Since we cannot guarantee customers
will follow the proper safety precautions and use an appropriate
well functioning charger with the correct settings, therefore,
Mile High RC, it's agents, distributors, employees, associates,
etc.. assume no responsibility for the use of Lithium Polymer
battery products by our customers. Your purchase and use of this
product means you accept our terms and you are fully responsible
for any consequences of your use. That being said we do
guarantee or packs to be free from defects of parts and or
faulty workmanship.
So far with the ESL cells the only cause of pack
failure has been shorting while installing a connector, or not
having the pack connected properly (exposed wires). Please learn
from past customers & my personal experience. Do not expose the
wires on both leads at the same time. Trim one wire attach to
connector, cover, then work on the second lead. If you decide to
use bullet type connectors (not recommended) we suggest making
one lead shorter then the other. This limits the chance of +/-
coming in contact. If you need any help or would like
suggestions feel free to drop us a line.
Don't forget to check our
bargain bin.
Aside from our personal R/C stuff we also test fly everything we
sell, we can not possibly keep all of this stuff. Believe us it
piles up fast and we only have so much warehousing available. So
we sale or trade in the
bargain bin.